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Metal Detecting Ownership and Non-Ownership Motives
Hrušák, Jan ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis addresses the phenomenon of hobby metal detecting in the Czech Republic, aiming to determine whether individuals' wealth influences the for- mation of detected finds collections. The mass spread of metal detecting in the Czech Republic since the 1990s has proven the significance of studying this activity. The phenomenon of metal detecting can be classified under contest theory, where agents make costly efforts to compete for a limited resource, which in this case is archaeological finds. From the standpoint of economics, a study about resources allocation, the metal detecting hobby can be an in- triguing topic for investigation. This thesis presents estimates of models based on five different datasets, each containing several thousands of observations obtained from a renowned Czech metal detecting website. The findings sug- gest that relatively wealthier metal detectorists are more likely to submit coins, but not artifacts. Given that coins form a relatively homogeneous group, the estimation results associated with coins might be applied to the formation of finds collections overall. Hence, the collecting of finds is likely to be negatively associated with an individual's socioeconomic status. JEL Classification D14, D61, D91, O33, Q01, Q32, Q34, Z13 Keywords hobby, private ownership,...
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Personal ownership in Czechoslovakian law in 1964 - 1990
Ebrahimi, Arian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Personal ownership in Czechoslovakian law in 1964 - 1990 This thesis aims to comprehensively describe the regulation of personal ownership in Czechoslovakian law in the years 1964 to 1990. The thesis deals with the origin and development of this property type in Czechoslovakia, including the constitutional aspect of property law under socialism and Soviet law, which significantly influenced the Czechoslovakian law. Emphasis is placed on the description of the historical and philosophical roots of property rights with regard to Marxist-Leninist ideology. The introductory part of the thesis comprehensively discusses the regulation of ownership in key legislation before the year 1964, including both post-war Czechoslovakian constitutions and key laws such as the Civil Code of 1950 (Act No. 141/1950 Coll.) or the Economic Code (Act No. 109/1964 Coll.). The main part of the thesis focuses on the regulation of personal property in the Civil Code of 1964 (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.) as amended before 1990. The text compares the original wording of the Code with the amendment of 1982, which returned to the Code traditional Roman law institutes such as possession or easements. The analysis of key provisions in the Civil Code of 1964 is based on contemporary commentaries, legal textbooks and relevant case law,...
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Specific theories of private property in the economic thought of XIX century: the Manifesto of the Communist Party versus Rerum Novarum
Šárková, Kristýna ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares the Catholic and Marxist understanding of private property as expressed in Rerum Novarum and the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The situation of the lowest class had demeaned during the 19th century to such a level that a large part of society had to face an existential crisis. A continually decreasing wage, alarming working conditions, the non-existence of social security and a high unemployment rate were characteristic for the 19th century. With the rise of mechanical production women and children started playing an active part in the working process, thus escalating the competition on the labour market. Karl Marx's solution written down in the Manifesto was based on abolishing private property and allocating it under collective keeping. On the contrary, the Catholic Church insisted on maintaining private property and emphasized solidarity among social classes. The Church's reaction to the condition of the lowest class and the growing support of communism in Europe was formulated in the first social encyclical Rerum Novarum. The thesis compares both views involved through describing the historical background and understanding of property. The rest of the work deals with a more detailed analysis of the Catholic point of view, followed by a discussion of the application and...
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Message and relationship of social thoughts of Bernard Bolzano and Charles Fourier
Krpálková, Soňa ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
This work presents the personality and work of two thinkers, Bernard Bolzan and Charles Fourier. It focuses on their social ideas, so it looks mainly at their side of social utopians. It compares their views on the ideal organization of human society. It also pays attention to teaching and education in their conception, moreover, with reflection in relation to today. The aim is also to map the initial conditions of each of the thinkers, material, family, ideological, historically contemporary. At the very beginning, the work places all this in the context of historical development and subsequently in social theories. After an overview of developments and social theories, he introduces the topic of social utopianism and introduces two other important utopians - Saint-Simon and Robert Owen. Then the personality and work of Bernard Bolzan, followed by Charles Fourier, are introduced. The following is a comparison of the relevant categories for both thinkers, representing the degree of overlap of their common features. Then there is a chapter focused on education and training with an overlap to the present. The work shows that social utopianism is characterized by ignorance of socio-economic development and insufficient processing of a specific way of implementing the social establishment. These elements also...
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Specific theories of private property in the economic thought of XIX century: the Manifesto of the Communist Party versus Rerum Novarum
Šárková, Kristýna ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares the Catholic and Marxist understanding of private property as expressed in Rerum Novarum and the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The situation of the lowest class had demeaned during the 19th century to such a level that a large part of society had to face an existential crisis. A continually decreasing wage, alarming working conditions, the non-existence of social security and a high unemployment rate were characteristic for the 19th century. With the rise of mechanical production women and children started playing an active part in the working process, thus escalating the competition on the labour market. Karl Marx's solution written down in the Manifesto was based on abolishing private property and allocating it under collective keeping. On the contrary, the Catholic Church insisted on maintaining private property and emphasized solidarity among social classes. The Church's reaction to the condition of the lowest class and the growing support of communism in Europe was formulated in the first social encyclical Rerum Novarum. The thesis compares both views involved through describing the historical background and understanding of property. The rest of the work deals with a more detailed analysis of the Catholic point of view, followed by a discussion of the application and...
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Analysis of the impact of ownership on effective operation of heating plants in the Czech Republic
Fajfr, Tomáš ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Zajíček, Miroslav (referee)
Privatization transformation took place in the Czech Republic at the beginning of the nineties which also highly influenced heating plant industry. Some heating plant companies are in private ownership and some remained or were returned back into ownership of towns and villages. The main hypothesis of the bachelor thesis is that heating plant companies are more effective and are reaching better economic results than companies owned by towns and villages. This hypothesis is confirmed with the aid of statistic method of linear regression. Private heating plant companies have in average higher sales on employee, higher return on equity, higher return on sales and also higher share of investments on total revenue. Minor hypothesis saying that towns heating plant will sell heat energy cheaper was disproved.
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Comparison of Czech and Polish transformation of property rights during economic transition
Kricner, Jakub ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
At the beginning of the 1990's, a crucial systemic change took place in the Eastern Europe at that time -- and that was a changeover from a planned to a market economy. This thesis aims at the comparison of one of the very basic cornerstones of this economic transition -- the transformation of property rights from the state to the private ownership. In the theoretical part, a factual change of ownership in Czechoslovakia and Poland will be compared: the arrangement of institutional conditions, strategies, methods and the actual course of the property rights change during the years 1989 -- 1993 till the break-up of the federation. The analytical part focuses on the analysis of the property rights change in both countries with a special emphasis on their common and also distinct features (a diverse rate of privatization etc.), which were given by different initial conditions in those two countries. This part also deals with the consequences and evaluation of the conditions that both of the analyzed countries prepared for the development of a market economy. The main aim of the thesis is to compare the efficiency of two essentially unlike approaches to the change of property rights. The partial goal is to describe the development and time discrepancy of institutions and working of real economic processes, particularly in relation to a capital market. The consequences of either delayed or timely birth of significant institutions will also be evaluated.
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Institutional framework of health insurance in the Czech Republic (case study: VZP and OZP performance)
Rypáčková, Lucie ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
This paper examines the impact of an institutional framework on the performance of Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (VZP) and Oborová zdravotní pojišťovna zaměstnanců bank, pojišťoven a stavebnictví (OZP). The differences in the institutional status of VZP and OZP are the result of the dual legislation of health insurance companies in the Czech Republic. It was found that institutional status of VZP is more like a state-owned institution in comparison with OZP. Theories dealing with the differences between state and private ownership assume lower efficiency of state-owned companies than private companies. In accordance with the theoretical assumptions is given the hypothesis that the institutional framework of VZP reinforces a tendency to inefficiency. The hypothesis is verified using data from the annual reports of VZP a OZP and using selected indicators (for example: operating costs, labor productivity). It has been proven that the institutional framework of VZP reinforces the tendency for wasteful spending of resources.
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Changes in ownership structure and strategic decision-making of oil companies in terms of state interventions on the oil market
Pytelová, Zuzana ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Staš, Martin (referee)
Topic of this master thesis is the characterization of the relationship between private oil companies and the state. Ambition is to render this co-existence based on historical case studies and practical examples. Case studies show a transparent variety of state approaches and relations with private oil companies. Practical examples are characterized by three major oil states and demonstrate their efforts to prioritize "national champions" and to maximize their income from oil. Based on results of this work, it is clear that private companies and the state in most cases need each other, altough their relations are often tense. There are also a far-reaching legislative changes that are making actions of private oil companies more difficult.
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